When a structure's fundamental period lengthens, often shear and floor acceleration increases. The contribution of higher Modes in the dynamic response of structural systems with multiple degrees of freedom is significant in both the design of new structures and the evaluation of existing structures.Few research have looked at the impact of higher Modes on base isolation systems in structures. To investigate the effects of higher Modes on a building with a friction pendulum base isolation, a study was conducted on four different types of buildings: one with an L-shaped plan with two, four, and six floors; another eccentricities of buildings 5%, 10%, 15%, and 20%; and two others with a building with an L-shaped plan, where the second floor is half the mass of the first floor and next S shape plan. Eight layouts of the pendulum base isolation are considered for each building and their first Mode, the second Mode, and the mass participation rate of the first Mode, the second Mode, and higher Modes are derived. Finally, in a linear time history analysis, the change in the maximum displacement of the base level is compared to the percentage of mass participation on the Modes. The findings show that in four Models, the percentage of first Mode mass participation is decreased if the center of stiffness of the base isolation is aligned to the center of cumulative mass of the building, and the percentage of mass participation is increased in the second or third Modes. The responses of the structure are thus determined by the second Mode or higher Modes. In general, the stiffness center of the base isolation must line up with the center of the base cumulative mass to produce the optimal design. And this pendulum base isolation layout’s displacement of the base level is also reduced.

Introduction: Patent ducfus arteriosus (PDA) is the persistence of a normal fetal structure between left pulmonary artery and descending aorta. Persistence of this fetal structure beyond 10 days of life is considered abnormal. In this study we compared M-Mode and Doppler echocardiography in diagnosis of PDA in children at Aliasghar Hospital in Zahedan and Children hospital in Bandar Abbas for one year. methods: We selected 62 patients that were suspicious to have PDA on physical examination. It should be mentioned that we omitted patients with other cgngenital cardiac abnormalities such as truncus arteriosus, ASD, VSD and AZSD. Our patients were below 15years old. Before echocardiography, physical examination, CXR and ECG were done for the patients. Then, they were evluated with both M-Mode and Doppler Echocardiography and finally results were statistically analyzed.Results: Out of 62 patients, 34 were female and 28 were male. 51.6% patients were less than one year old and others were older. 85% of patients had cardiac murmur on physical examination and in 50% of them pulmonary component of second heart sound was increased. Peripheral pounding pulses were present in 85% of patients. In chest X-Ray, 82.3% of patients had increased cardiothoracic ratio and pulmonary vascular markings were increased in 85.5% of them. On ECG, 58.1 % of patients had signs of right and left or bilateral ventricular hypertrophy. Pulmonary hypertension was also seen in 51.6% of patients. PDA was diagnosed with M-Mode echocardiography in 56 patients (90.3 %) and with Doppler echocardiography in 61 patients (98.4%). According to McNemar statistical analysis, there was not an obvious difference between these two. methods of echocardiography in PDA diagnosis (p=0.125).Conclusion: Findings of this study showed that M-Mode and Doppler echocardiography for diagnosis of PDA in children are similar and again attention to M-Mode echocardiography can be helpful in diagnosis of PDA in children especially restless infants and neonates.

Background and Aims: Nowadays, removable partial dentures are applied to patients who are not able to use dental implants or fixed prosthesis. Although based on the studies the users of removable partial dentures are in the risk of plaque accumulation and unacceptable changes such as gingivitis, periodontitis and mobility in abutment tooth. It is not clear whether the negative effects of removable partial dentures are more on the Isolated teeth which are a kind of abutment adjacent to endentulous area in both sides. The purpose of this study was to investigate the clinical condition of Isolated abutment teeth without splinting in comparison to control abutment from the aspects of B.O.P (bleeding on probing), mobility, pocket depth and gingivitis.Materials and Methods: In this cross-sectional study, the prepared questionnaires were filled out by 50 patients who received removable partial dentures in department of removable prosthodontics of dental school of Tehran University of Medical Sciences. The patients had Isolated abutment tooth and did not have any systemic disease.The obtained data were analyzed. Using Wilcoxon, exact Fisher and Kruskal-Wallis test.Results: B.O.P (P=0.004), pocket depth (P=0.035), and mobility (P<0.001) in Isolated abutments were more than those in control abutments, but there were not significant differences in the degree of caries (P=0.083) and gingivitis (P=0.07).Conclusion: This study showed that clinical condition of Isolated abutments is worse than that of control abutments. More attention should be paid to healthiness of Isolated teeth without splinting and periodic follow ups should be done in these cases.

This paper is proposed a novel topology of a single phase grid connected inverter in order to conquest the common Mode leakage current. There are many topologies presented so far, But none of them has the efficiency more than 98 percent. In this paper, a Modern configuration is presented that, not only delete the common Mode leakage current, but also increase the efficiency and power density and is affordable. this inverter consists of 6 switches and 2 diodes that in compare with similar ones, it has less element number. Than the famous topologies like H5, H6 and HERIC, the power loss and voltage stress on switches are decreased. These aspects are appears due to exclusive leg configuration and the placement of switches and diodes. The freewheel path revealed, decoupled DC side from AC side of Inverter which results in disconnecting the common Mode current. This issue will modify the network reliability indices and maintain safety standards. Finally the performances of proposed inverter will be compared and evaluated with some available Inverters.

In the last decade, the management of karst water resources has been considered because of its particular role in supplying potable water. In this regard, this research studies the hydrochemical characteristics of springs located at the Ķ ī no anticline. The purpose of this research is to determine the hydraulic relationship and effective factors on the chemical quality of the springs by applying the hydrochemical data and using the main component analysis and hierarchical cluster analysis methods. The results of the analysis of the main components method show that the two components have the most impact on the chemical quality of springs. The first factor consists of magnesium, bicarbonate, sodium, chlorine, Total Dissolved Solids, and electrical conductivity, which is influenced by the quality characteristics of Absard and Mourei springs. The second factor is calcium ions, sulfate, which play the most role in the chemical quality of Susan and Tangsard springs. To investigate the hydraulic connection of the springs, the hierarchical cluster analysis method was used in “ Q-Mode” Mode. According to the results of this analysis, the data of the Ķ ī no anticline springs are split into two major clusters, which indicate the hydraulic connection between these springs in each cluster. The results of cluster analysis in “ R-Mode” Mode are also validated by the Q-Mode method. The Piper diagram and ion ratios were used to study the chemical processes in the springs. The results of this study showed that the S1 spring with S2 and the S3 spring with S4 have a hydraulic connection.

Health monitoring allows small failures and damages to be identified and fixed before they turn into major and irreparable damages, to prevent loss of life and to make it possible to reinforce or improve it at the lowest cost. Currently, in the field of civil engineering, the health monitoring of structures is done in sensitive structures. One of the parts of the structure that may suffer initial damage before loading and during implementation due to difficulty in implementation is Concrete Filled Tube (CFT)columns.  One of the most likely damages in CFT columns is interface debonding damage. This damage causes the column to become weak and not benefit from the characteristics of steel and concrete together. Accordingly, in the present study, this damage and its severity in seismic (dynamic) parameters have been investigated. The results of the study show that damage causes changes in the Mode shape of the structure, and it has caused a 6.38% reduction in the frequency in the first (main) Mode of the structure. Also, the damping of the damaged specimen is reduced by approximately 12% compared to the healthy specimen. On the other hand, the results show that the severity of damage is very effective in changing seismic parameters. So that by doubling the damage area, the frequency decreased by approximately 0.35% and reached from 873.27 Hz to 20.870.20 Hz, but the Mode shape of damage did not affect the frequency

Introduction: Infection with hepatitis B virus (HBV) may result in either resolution of infection or chronic HBV carrier status. Since age at infection influences its chronicity or resolution, the purpose of this study was to assess the prevalence of HBV markers in individuals exposed to this virus.Methods: All the chronic HBV carriers or acute hepatitis B patients who had attended the department of infectious diseases of Babol University of Medical Sciences from April 1993 to September 2005 were identified. Viral markers were assessed in all family members of these cases. The prevalence of HBV markers was compared for sex and age groups.Results: During the study, 1160 males with a mean age of 31±13 years and 876 females with a mean age of 20±12 years were assessed. In males, the prevalences of (HB.S.Ag, anti-HBe), HBeAg, (anti-HB.S., anti-HBc), and Isolated anti-HBc were 72.3%, 8.1%, 16.6%, and 3% respectively. In females, prevalences of these markers were 67.7%, 8.9%, 18.5%, and 5%, respectively. There was no significant difference in prevalence of HBV markers between sexes except for anti-HBc (p=0.014). Altogether, persistent infection had ensued in 1603 cases (78.7%) and 172 cases (8.4%) were HBeAg positive.Persistent HBV infection was seen in 73.1% and 70.7% of cases less than 10 and more than 50 year old respectively.Conclusion: This study showed that HBV infection mostly occurs vertically or in early childhood period.

This article investigates the problem of simultaneous attitude and vibration control of a flexible spacecraft to perform high precision attitude maneuvers and reduce vibrations caused by the flexible panel excitations in the presence of external disturbances, system uncertainties, and actuator faults. Adaptive integral sliding Mode control is used in conjunction with an attitude actuator fault iterative learning observer (based on sliding Mode) to develop an active fault tolerant algorithm considering rigid-flexible body dynamic interactions. The discontinuous structure of fault-tolerant control led to discontinuous commands in the control signal, resulting in chattering. This issue was resolved by introducing an adaptive rule for the sliding surface. Furthermore, the utilization of the sign function in the iterative learning observer for estimating actuator faults has not only enhanced its robustness to external disturbances through a straightforward design, but has also led to a decrease in computing workload. The strain rate feedback control algorithm has been employed with the use of piezoelectric sensor/actuator patches to minimize residual vibrations caused by rigid-flexible body dynamic interactions and the effect of attitude actuator faults. Lyapunov's law ensures finite-time overall system stability even with fully coupled rigid-flexible nonlinear dynamics. Numerical simulations demonstrate the performance and advantages of the proposed system compared to other conventional approaches.